Lesson 5 : Basic Vocabulary 3
Click Here For PDF Of This Lesson
Hello !! Lama Arthur tak masukkan entri belajar Bahasa Korea .. Dah dekat 2 minggu kot .. heheheh . Takpe , harini Arthur masukkan entri Bahasa Korea ok . Ambil pen dan kertas sekarang !! (cr How To Study Korea)
Vocabulary
The vocabulary is separated into nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for the purpose of simplicity:
Nouns:
음식 = food
케이크 = cake
공항 = airport
병원 = hospital
공원 = park
한국어 = Korean (language)
머리 = head
다리 = leg
손가락 = finger
귀 = ear
팔 = arm
눈 = eye
입 = mouth
배 = stomach
버스 = bus
배 = boat
Verbs:
먹다 = eat
가다 = go
만나다 = meet
닫다 = close (to close something)
열다 = open
원하다 = want (an object, not to do an action)
만들다 = make
하다 = do
말하다 = speak
이해하다 = understand
좋아하다 = to like (something)
Adjectives:
크다 = big
작다 = small
새롭다 = new
낡다 = old (not age)*
비싸다 = expensive
싸다 = not expensive/cheap
아름답다 = beautiful
뚱뚱하다 = fat/chubby
길다 = long
좋다 = good
Adverbs:
아주 = very
매우 = very
너무 = too
*notice 낡 has 4 letters in the syllable. Some letters have this, but it is nothing to worry about! All the same rules apply that were taught in Unit 0. If you pronounce 낡아 it sounds like 날가 (the last consonant of the syllable gets pronounced with the first vowel of the next syllable)
- I said this before (twice) but I’m going to say it again. Every Korean sentence must end in either a verb or an adjective (this includes 이다 and 있다). Every sentence absolutely must have a verb or adjective at the end of the sentence.
- You should notice (it took me months to notice) that every Korean verb and adjective ends with the syllable ‘다.’ 100% of the time, the last syllable in a verb or adjective must be ‘다.’ Look up at the vocabulary from this lesson if you don’t believe me.
- In addition to ending in ‘다’ many verbs and adjectives end with the two syllables ‘하다.’ ‘하다’ means ‘do.’ Verbs ending in 하다 are amazing, because you can simply eliminate the ‘하다’ to make the noun form of that verb/adjective.
Confused? I was at first too. In fact, I don’t think I knew this until 3 months after I started studying Korean – but it is something so essential to learning the language. It is confusing to English speakers because we don’t realize that words can have a verb/adjective form AND a noun form.
For example:
행복하다 = happy
행복 = happiness
성공하다 = succeed
성공 = success
말하다 = speak
말 = speech/words
성취하다 = achieve
성취 = achievement
취득하다 = acquire
취득 = acquisition
You don’t need to memorize those words yet (they are difficult), but it is important for you to realize that ‘하다’ can be removed from words in order to create nouns.
Verbs/adjectives that end in “~하다” are typically of Chinese origin have have an equivalent Hanja (한자) form. Verbs that do not end in “~하다” are of Korean origin and do not have a Hanja form. If you can speak Chinese, you will probably have an advantage at learning more difficult Korean vocabulary, as a lot of difficult Korean words have a Chinese origin.
Korean Verbs
We have already talked about verbs a little bit in previous lessons, but nothing has been formally taught. You learned the basic verb sentence structure in Lesson 1. Let’s look at this again. If you want to say “I eat food” you should know how to use the particles 는/은 and 를/을:
I eat food
I는 food를 eat
To make a sentence, you simply need to substitute the English words with Korean words:
저는 + 음식을 + 먹다
저는 음식을 먹다 = I eat food
*Note – Although the structure of the sentences presented in this lesson is perfect, the verbs are not conjugated, and thus, not perfect. You will learn about conjugating in Lesson 5 and Lesson 6. Before learning how to conjugate, however, it is essential that you understand the word-order of these sentences. However, because of some strange Korean grammatical rules, the sentences provided in the “Adjectives” section are technicality perfect but are presented in an uncommon (but simplest) conjugation pattern. This is why we have uploaded audio-files for the sentences in the “Adjectives” section but not the “Verbs” section. Again, you will learn about these conjugations in Lesson 5 and Lesson 6. For now, try to understand the word order of the sentences and how the verbs/adjectives are being used.
As with previous lessons, a conjugated example is provided beneath the un-conjugated example:
Let’s look at some examples:
저는 케이크를 만들다 = I make a cake
(저는 케이크를 만들어요)
저는 배를 원하다 = I want a boat
(저는 배를 원해요)
저는 한국어를 말하다 = I speak Korean
(저는 한국어를 말해요)
저는 공원에 가다 = I go to the park (notice the particle 에)
(저는 공원에 가요)
저는 문을 닫다 = I close the door
(저는 문을 닫아요)
저는 창문을 열다 = I open the window
(저는 창문을 열어요)
Note that sentences with verbs don’t necessarily need to have an object in them:
저는 이해하다 = I understand
(저는 이해해요)
Korean Adjectives
Korean adjectives, just like Korean verbs are placed at the end of a sentence. The main difference between verbs and adjectives is that an adjective cannot act on an object. Notice, in the sentences below that there is no object being acted on.
Adjectives are very easy to use. Just put them into the sentence with your subject. (Remember that the examples in parentheses show sentences that have been conjugated which you have not learned yet.)
저는 아름답다 = I am beautiful
(저는 아름다워요)
저는 작다 = I am small
(저는 작아요)
이 버스는 크다 = This bus is big
(이 버스는 커요)
그 병원은 새롭다 = That hospital is new
(그 병원은 새로워요)
이 공원은 매우 작다 = This park is very small
(이 공원은 매우 작아요)
의 Possessive Particle
You already know that ‘I’ in Korean is 저/나. You also know the names of many objects.
Using 의 you can make sentences that indicate the owner/possessor of an object.
저 = I
책 = book
저의 책 = my book
선생님의 차 = the teacher’s car
저의 손가락 = my finger
You can use these words in sentences you are familiar with (with verbs and adjectives):
선생님의 차는 크다 = The teacher’s car is big
(선생님의 차는 커요)
저는 선생님의 차를 원하다 = I want the teacher’s car
(저는 선생님의 차를 원해요)
저의 손가락은 길다 = my finger is long
(저의 손가락은 길어요)
좋다 and 좋아하다
The word 좋다 in Korean is an adjective that means “good.” Because 좋다 is an adjective we can use it just like any other adjective:
이 음식은 좋다 = this food is good
(이 음식은 좋아요)
그 선생님은 좋다 = that teacher is good
(그 선생님은 좋아요)
There is also 좋아하다 which is a verb meaning ‘to like.’ Because 좋아하다 is a verb, can use it just like any other verb:
저는 이 음식을 좋아하다 = I like this food
(저는 이 음식을 좋아해요)
저는 그 선생님을 좋아하다 = I like that teacher
(저는 그 선생님을 좋아해요)
좋아하다 gets formed by removing ‘다’ from 좋다and adding 아 + 하다. There is a reason for why this is done, and there is an explanation for how it is done – but you do not need to know this yet. For now, just understand that:
좋다 is an adjective which cannot act on an object
좋아하다 is a verb which can act on an object
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Lesson 5 : Basic Vocabulary 3
Click Here For PDF Of This Lesson
Hello !! Lama Arthur tak masukkan entri belajar Bahasa Korea .. Dah dekat 2 minggu kot .. heheheh . Takpe , harini Arthur masukkan entri Bahasa Korea ok . Ambil pen dan kertas sekarang !! (cr How To Study Korea)
Vocabulary
The vocabulary is separated into nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for the purpose of simplicity:
Nouns:
음식 = food
케이크 = cake
공항 = airport
병원 = hospital
공원 = park
한국어 = Korean (language)
머리 = head
다리 = leg
손가락 = finger
귀 = ear
팔 = arm
눈 = eye
입 = mouth
배 = stomach
버스 = bus
배 = boat
Verbs:
먹다 = eat
가다 = go
만나다 = meet
닫다 = close (to close something)
열다 = open
원하다 = want (an object, not to do an action)
만들다 = make
하다 = do
말하다 = speak
이해하다 = understand
좋아하다 = to like (something)
Adjectives:
크다 = big
작다 = small
새롭다 = new
낡다 = old (not age)*
비싸다 = expensive
싸다 = not expensive/cheap
아름답다 = beautiful
뚱뚱하다 = fat/chubby
길다 = long
좋다 = good
Adverbs:
아주 = very
매우 = very
너무 = too
*notice 낡 has 4 letters in the syllable. Some letters have this, but it is nothing to worry about! All the same rules apply that were taught in Unit 0. If you pronounce 낡아 it sounds like 날가 (the last consonant of the syllable gets pronounced with the first vowel of the next syllable)
- I said this before (twice) but I’m going to say it again. Every Korean sentence must end in either a verb or an adjective (this includes 이다 and 있다). Every sentence absolutely must have a verb or adjective at the end of the sentence.
- You should notice (it took me months to notice) that every Korean verb and adjective ends with the syllable ‘다.’ 100% of the time, the last syllable in a verb or adjective must be ‘다.’ Look up at the vocabulary from this lesson if you don’t believe me.
- In addition to ending in ‘다’ many verbs and adjectives end with the two syllables ‘하다.’ ‘하다’ means ‘do.’ Verbs ending in 하다 are amazing, because you can simply eliminate the ‘하다’ to make the noun form of that verb/adjective.
Confused? I was at first too. In fact, I don’t think I knew this until 3 months after I started studying Korean – but it is something so essential to learning the language. It is confusing to English speakers because we don’t realize that words can have a verb/adjective form AND a noun form.
For example:
행복하다 = happy
행복 = happiness
성공하다 = succeed
성공 = success
말하다 = speak
말 = speech/words
성취하다 = achieve
성취 = achievement
취득하다 = acquire
취득 = acquisition
You don’t need to memorize those words yet (they are difficult), but it is important for you to realize that ‘하다’ can be removed from words in order to create nouns.
Verbs/adjectives that end in “~하다” are typically of Chinese origin have have an equivalent Hanja (한자) form. Verbs that do not end in “~하다” are of Korean origin and do not have a Hanja form. If you can speak Chinese, you will probably have an advantage at learning more difficult Korean vocabulary, as a lot of difficult Korean words have a Chinese origin.
Korean Verbs
We have already talked about verbs a little bit in previous lessons, but nothing has been formally taught. You learned the basic verb sentence structure in Lesson 1. Let’s look at this again. If you want to say “I eat food” you should know how to use the particles 는/은 and 를/을:
I eat food
I는 food를 eat
To make a sentence, you simply need to substitute the English words with Korean words:
저는 + 음식을 + 먹다
저는 음식을 먹다 = I eat food
*Note – Although the structure of the sentences presented in this lesson is perfect, the verbs are not conjugated, and thus, not perfect. You will learn about conjugating in Lesson 5 and Lesson 6. Before learning how to conjugate, however, it is essential that you understand the word-order of these sentences. However, because of some strange Korean grammatical rules, the sentences provided in the “Adjectives” section are technicality perfect but are presented in an uncommon (but simplest) conjugation pattern. This is why we have uploaded audio-files for the sentences in the “Adjectives” section but not the “Verbs” section. Again, you will learn about these conjugations in Lesson 5 and Lesson 6. For now, try to understand the word order of the sentences and how the verbs/adjectives are being used.
As with previous lessons, a conjugated example is provided beneath the un-conjugated example:
Let’s look at some examples:
저는 케이크를 만들다 = I make a cake
(저는 케이크를 만들어요)
저는 배를 원하다 = I want a boat
(저는 배를 원해요)
저는 한국어를 말하다 = I speak Korean
(저는 한국어를 말해요)
저는 공원에 가다 = I go to the park (notice the particle 에)
(저는 공원에 가요)
저는 문을 닫다 = I close the door
(저는 문을 닫아요)
저는 창문을 열다 = I open the window
(저는 창문을 열어요)
Note that sentences with verbs don’t necessarily need to have an object in them:
저는 이해하다 = I understand
(저는 이해해요)
Korean Adjectives
Korean adjectives, just like Korean verbs are placed at the end of a sentence. The main difference between verbs and adjectives is that an adjective cannot act on an object. Notice, in the sentences below that there is no object being acted on.
Adjectives are very easy to use. Just put them into the sentence with your subject. (Remember that the examples in parentheses show sentences that have been conjugated which you have not learned yet.)
저는 아름답다 = I am beautiful
(저는 아름다워요)
저는 작다 = I am small
(저는 작아요)
이 버스는 크다 = This bus is big
(이 버스는 커요)
그 병원은 새롭다 = That hospital is new
(그 병원은 새로워요)
이 공원은 매우 작다 = This park is very small
(이 공원은 매우 작아요)
의 Possessive Particle
You already know that ‘I’ in Korean is 저/나. You also know the names of many objects.
Using 의 you can make sentences that indicate the owner/possessor of an object.
저 = I
책 = book
저의 책 = my book
선생님의 차 = the teacher’s car
저의 손가락 = my finger
You can use these words in sentences you are familiar with (with verbs and adjectives):
선생님의 차는 크다 = The teacher’s car is big
(선생님의 차는 커요)
저는 선생님의 차를 원하다 = I want the teacher’s car
(저는 선생님의 차를 원해요)
저의 손가락은 길다 = my finger is long
(저의 손가락은 길어요)
좋다 and 좋아하다
The word 좋다 in Korean is an adjective that means “good.” Because 좋다 is an adjective we can use it just like any other adjective:
이 음식은 좋다 = this food is good
(이 음식은 좋아요)
그 선생님은 좋다 = that teacher is good
(그 선생님은 좋아요)
There is also 좋아하다 which is a verb meaning ‘to like.’ Because 좋아하다 is a verb, can use it just like any other verb:
저는 이 음식을 좋아하다 = I like this food
(저는 이 음식을 좋아해요)
저는 그 선생님을 좋아하다 = I like that teacher
(저는 그 선생님을 좋아해요)
좋아하다 gets formed by removing ‘다’ from 좋다and adding 아 + 하다. There is a reason for why this is done, and there is an explanation for how it is done – but you do not need to know this yet. For now, just understand that:
좋다 is an adjective which cannot act on an object
좋아하다 is a verb which can act on an object
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